• Glargine (glycine A21, +2 arginine B,C-terminus)

  • Glargine-yfgn (??, produced in pichia pastoris)

  • Glargine-aglr (produced in e. coli K12)

  • Aspart (aspartic acid replaces proline B28)

  • Detemir (+myristic acid at B29 lysine)

Insulin detemir is rapid absorbed but highly protein bound. It binds albumin in the blood leading to its prolonged action

  • Glulisine (glutamic acid, lysine)

  • Neutral protamine Hagedorn, isophane (protamine, zinc, phenol)

  • Lispro (lysine-proline swapped B29-30) overview

  • Degludec by Novo Nordisk (hexadecanedioic acid with gamma-L-glutamyl spacer at B29 lysine)

  • Icodec by Novo Nordisk (very complicated, see pp160-1 here


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